Climate Change, Biodiversity and Livelihoods: Lessons Learned from UNCTAD Project Implementation

Lessons Learned UnCTad ProjeCT ImPLemenTaTIon Climate Change, Biodiversity livelihoods: II material contained publication freely quoted reprinted, acknowledgement requested, reference document number. copy publication quotation reprint UNCTAD Secretariat, : Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland. designations employed presentation material imply expression position whatsoever part United Nations Secretariat legal status country, territory, city area, authorities, delimitation frontiers boundaries, economic system degree development. views expressed publication authors necessarily reflect views United Nations Secretariat. document reproduced formal editing. views United Nations Secretariat. UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2015/3 information UNCTAD’ BioTrade Initiative consult website:http://www.unctad.org/biotrade contact: biotrade@unctad.org UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Copyright © United Nations, 2015 rights reserved http://www.unctad.org/biotrade mailto:biotrade@unctad.org III ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Nineteen years UNCTAD launched BioTrade Initiative aim promoting trade investment biodiversity means furthering sustainable development, number countries embracing BioTrade principles integral parts development strategies. BioTrade tools guidelines developed address governments, private actors civil society efforts develop practices social, economic environmental sustainability criteria (BioTrade Principles Criteria). , contributes economic valuation native biodiversity creating business opportunities based sustainable trade derived products services. sectors supported include personal care, food, medicinal, fashion, flowers foliage, handicrafts sustainable tourism. specific work focused carbon sequestration mechanisms, UNCTAD aimed address gap developing pioneering project linking BioTrade REDD+ (Reducing emission deforestation forest degradation developing countries, sustainable forest management increasing forest carbon stocks). main findings, lessons learned recommendations project compiled report. document prepared Lorena Jaramillo Castro, Economic Affairs Officer, UNCTAD. based national reports prepared Brazil, Colombia Ecuador, - report, project reports experience implementing project. project implemented support national partners consultants UNCTAD staff, including: Bonapas Onguglo, Mariona Cusi, Rafe Dent, Malick Kane, Yvonne Paredes, Lalen Lleander, David Vivas. UNCTAD gratefully acknowledges support UN Development Account development publication project "Strengthening capacity policy-makers business leaders BioTrade beneficiary countries integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies". Guillermo Valles Director Division International Trade Goods Services, Commodities (DITC) IV Table contents . Background ............................................................................................................................................. 1 II. Main findings outcomes project .......................................................................................... 2 2.1 National workshops ......................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 -: Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ projects .............................................................. 5 2.3 Training manual Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects .............................................. 9 2.4 National activities studies developed ..................................................................................... 10 2.5 II BioTrade Congress "Integrating REDD+ BioTrade strategies" ............................................. 12 2.6 Gender participation ..................................................................................................................... 14 III. Opportunities, challenges lessons learned .................................................................................. 16 3.1 Project design ................................................................................................................................ 16 3.2 Main project assumption: Potential link BioTrade REDD+ ................................................. 17 3.3 Project implementation................................................................................................................. 19 3.4 Countries partners involved project ............................................................................ 20 3.5 Capacity building activities ............................................................................................................ 25 IV. Conclusions recommendations ................................................................................................... 27 4.1 Demand driven market access ........................................................................................... 28 4.2 Developing joint REDD+ BioTrade strategies projects ................................................ 28 4.3 … ..................................................................................................................... 29 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................. 31 Annexes ................................................................................................................................................... 33 Acronyms CBD Convention Biological Diversity CCB Climate Community Biodiversity Standard Ceclima State Centre Climate Change (Amazonas State, Brazil) COP Conference Parties CITES Convention International Trade Endangered Species Wild Fauna Flora IDESAM Institute Conservation Sustainable Development Amazonas LULUCF Land , Land Change Forestry MADS Ministry Environment Sustainable Development (Colombia) NGOs -governmental organizations SFCP Suruí Forest Carbon Project (Brazil) REDD Reducing emission deforestation forest degradation developing countries REDD+ Reducing emission deforestation forest degradation developing countries, sustainable forest management increasing forest carbon stocks SECO Swiss State Secretariat Economic Affairs SDGs Sustainable Development Goals SMEs small medium enterprises UNCTAD United Nations Conference Trade Development UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention Climate Change 1 . Background Biodiversity, ecosystems, species, genetic resources basis society sustainable economy. services provide foundation life food, medicines, shelter, fresh water, productive soils clean air, private actors civil society research developing products services. Convention Biological Diversity (CBD) estimated 1.6 billion people depend forest livelihoods1. , sustainable management conservation biodiversity resources essential services maintained satisfy humankind sustainable, equitable inclusive manner. recognition biodiversity stated Rio+20 outcome document Future , Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), MDGs 2011-2020 Strategic Plan Biodiversity Aichi Targets. urgent reduce deforestation forest degradation stabilize global climate highlighted fact represent roughly 20% global greenhouse gas emissions2. , enabling efforts developing countries preserving managing forests important mitigating climate change, time protecting services forests. Forests play key role helping stabilize global climate carbon sequestration, , removing carbon atmosphere trees grow storing carbon leaves, wood tissue, roots organic matter soil. Climate change toll biodiversity development challenge requires integrated strategic approach integration biodiversity- based strategies climate change mitigation. United Nations Framework Convention Climate Change (UNFCCC) introduced targeted measures REDD (reducing emissions deforestation forest degradation), includes “conservation, sustainable management forests enhancement forest carbon stocks” (REDD+). , biodiversity paved provide mitigation solution reducing carbon emissions forestlands invest -carbon paths achieve sustainable development. marketplace quickly evolving shifts policy frameworks consumer demands sustainable consumption patterns, including contributing biodiversity conservation climate change mitigation. years, shifts demand carbon projects focus emissions 1 CBD, 2010a: Factsheet Biodiversity Development Poverty Alleviation. 2 UN-REDD Programme, www.-redd.org/aboutredd Box 1: Definitions BioTrade: refers activities collection, production, transformation, commercialization goods services derived native biodiversity criteria environmental, social economic sustainability. criteria grouped BioTrade principles guide implementation activities actors involved BioTrade. information, visit www.biotrade.org REDD REDD+: Reducing Emissions Deforestation Forest Degradation (REDD) effort create financial carbon stored forests, offering incentives developing countries reduce emissions forested lands invest -carbon paths sustainable development. "REDD+" deforestation forest degradation, includes role conservation, sustainable management forests enhancement forest carbon stocks. information, visit UNREDD Programme: www.- redd.org/AboutREDD/tabid/102614/Defa ult.aspx http://www.-redd.org/AboutREDD/tabid/102614/Default.aspx http://www.-redd.org/AboutREDD/tabid/102614/Default.aspx http://www.-redd.org/AboutREDD/tabid/102614/Default.aspx 2 reductions include social environmental benefits. sustainable biodiversity addressing climate change issues mainstreamed business practices companies search capture market opportunities find ways access niche markets differentiated products ( prime prices). project "Strengthening capacity policy-makers business leaders BioTrade beneficiary countries integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies" 2010-2011, UNCTAD formulated project expand scope BioTrade forest carbon credits, REDD+ opportunity . year project named "Strengthening capacity policy-makers business leaders BioTrade beneficiary countries integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies" (referred REDD+ BioTrade project) financed United Nations Development Account. document aims compile lessons learned experiences gained implementation project country level Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, international level UNCTAD. divided sections. sections provide background project main activities outcomes. lessons learned, opportunities challenges project country international levels. Finally, section presents conclusions recommendations implementation project UNCTAD partners. II. Main findings outcomes project introduction REDD+ funding, exists opportunity developing countries integrate BioTrade activities climate-friendly policies, strengthening local economic activities forestlands forest buffer zones. Joint REDD+ BioTrade activities potential generate complementary revenue local communities combining sales carbon credits BioTrade products/services sharing costs specific activities. address opportunity, 7th Tranche Development Account, UNCTAD implemented project "Strengthening capacity policy-makers business leaders BioTrade beneficiary countries integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies" (referred REDD+ BioTrade project). project aimed strengthening capacities developing countries (Brazil, Colombia Ecuador) formulating implementing mutually supportive trade, environment, sustainable development strategies line BioTrade REDD+ practices. direct beneficiaries public private stakeholders, small medium enterprises (SMEs) working BioTrade), BioTrade focal points civil society involved BioTrade / REDD+ activities. project’ goal achieved enhancing capacities BioTrade REDD+ stakeholders national workshops coaching activities, developing training manual - synergies related REDD+ BioTrade. manual helped assess feasibility link initiatives conceptual framework , project developed. Additionally, BioTrade Congresses platform promote South-South cooperation, information dissemination sharing experiences. II BioTrade Congress "Integrating REDD+ BioTrade strategies" organized 11 13 December 2014 Geneva. activities main results project Box 2. 3 -year project started 2012 implemented support Ministries Environment Colombia Ecuador, BioTrade Programmes Colombia Ecuador, Forests Alive (Australia Brazil) UNIMINUTO (Colombia). National international consultants specialized climate change REDD+ supported UNCTAD development activities. Colombia Ecuador, BioTrade programmes developed decade support national partners Ministries Environment, trade promotion agencies, environmental NGOs, business associations academia. REDD+/BioTrade project built existing national structures established support selected BioTrade sectors. Brazil, work identified practices lessons learned formulating implementing REDD+ projects – Suruí Forest Carbon Project (SFCP) - fed project activities. contributed building baseline potential REDD+/BioTrade project Amazonas State, led local actors (State Centre Climate Change (Ceclima) 3 Institute Conservation Sustainable Development Amazonas (IDESAM)), Forests Alive (Australia), Andean Development Bank Latin America (CAF) UNCTAD. 2.1 National workshops order enhance capacity REDD+ BioTrade beneficiary countries, national capacity building workshop organized :  Bogota, Colombia: 6 November 2013;  Quito, Ecuador: 12 28 November 2013;  Manaus, Brazil: 14 November 2013. 3 5 March 2015, organization exist anymore. Box 2: Main activities results achieved REDD+ BioTrade project Main activities expected accomplishment EA1: Increase understanding policy makers business leaders linkages BioTrade REDD+ projects BioTrade beneficiary countries 1. Develop training material -learning modules integrating REDD+ initiatives BioTrade 2. Organize national workshops Brazil, Colombia Ecuador 3. Conduct -learning courses ( English Spanish) national stakeholders 4. Advisory services building capacity developing skills formulating integrating BioTrade strategies REDD+ initiatives EA2: Established South-South platform sharing information practices formulation implementation BioTrade REDD+ projects 1. Compilation practices lessons learned implementing project 2. Organization international workshop promote South-South cooperation, information dissemination sharing experiences Main results  Developed “Training manual developing joint BioTrade REDD+ projects”  Organized national workshops Brazil, Colombia Ecuador  Conducted -: Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ projects English Spanish. Portuguese transcripts Brazilian stakeholders  Country reports Brazil, Colombia Ecuador  Conducted II BioTrade Congress "Integrating REDD+ BioTrade strategies" 100 participants 16 developing countries developed countries UN agencies  Interest stakeholders countries develop REDD+ BioTrade projects 4 order workshops address national circumstances beneficiary countries, questionnaires interviews held key stakeholders government, private sector civil society. technical workshops aimed discussing feasibility link REDD+ BioTrade, identify challenges opportunities faced developing joint projects. , workshops essential validating training manual step--step methodology develop REDD+ BioTrade projects. basis develop - "Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ projects". Brazil, workshop focused identification opportunities, challenges integration biodiversity-productive chains REDD+ presentation training manual. Colombia Ecuador, workshops included presentations status REDD+ BioTrade country, presentation training manual group discussions topics: Colombia workshop Ecuador workshop Group moderators: UNCTAD national consultant, Corporació Biocomercio Sostenible (Colombia) staff  Participation local communities joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives  Barriers develop joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives  Ecological economic additionality4 developing joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives  Key elements liaise joint REDD+ BioTrade projects Group moderators: UNCTAD national consultants, UNREDD consultant UNCTAD staff  General issues related BioTrade REDD+ initiatives  Institutional framework supporting implementation REDD+ / BioTrade  Economic environmental additionality developing joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives  Participation communities joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives workshops attended 165 stakeholders government bodies national regional levels, private actors, community-based organizations, academia, NGOs, civil society. training event, Reaction Evaluation conducted 5 step-Likert scale 1 (fully negative) 5 (fully positive). questions asked participants aimed measure potential knowledge improvements intended knowledge gained. evaluations received, results show 92% participants stated themes discussed workshops relevant professional activities, 96% expected information workshops. , level satisfaction workshops 97% ( completely satisfied) ( Table 1). information national workshops, including reports MSPowerPoints, obtained www.biotrade.org. 4 “… REDD+ project activity avoid deforestation / land degradation occurred absence carbon finance [.. REDD+ project]… project additional project area protected financing mechanism, evidence show forest threat deforestation degradation… key concept considered BioTrade activities implemented project area result reduction threat forests.”(UNCTAD, 2015a: Training manual developing joint BioTrade REDD+ projects). 5 Table 1. National workshops: results participants' surveys Survey question Completely (score 5) (score 4) Fair (score 3) Total (scores 5 3) Improved knowledge themes presented workshop (BioTrade REDD+ linkages) 46% 37% 13% 96% information event 47% 49% 4% 100% Relevance workshop content work 57% 35% 7% 99% Level satisfaction workshops 42% 55% 3% 100% Notes: (1) Data relates surveys returned UNCTAD, total number participants. (2) Ecuador´ information relates workshop 12 November 2013 focus REDD+ BioTrade. workshop 28 November developed jointly stakeholders addressed REDD+ BioTrade, issues. Source: UNCTAD, 2014: Annual Development Account Progress Report 2013. 2.2 -: Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ projects5 ‐ designed project proponents developers policy stakeholders actors involved BioTrade / REDD+ national, regional international levels. aimed build capacity practitioners policy makers harnessing joint benefits REDD+ BioTrade, : 1. define BioTrade REDD+ activities; 2. recognize synergies BioTrade REDD+; 3. outline steps implementing BioTrade REDD+ projects; 4. assess joint BioTrade REDD+ project designs. ensure selection participation relevant BioTrade / REDD+ stakeholders - , participants identified selected support BioTrade partners6 consultants beneficiary countries. workshops surveys carried helped promote -, map identify key actors . 115 registrations received, consultations BioTrade partners, 54 participants selected. selection aimed ensure balance target countries gender, type actors background/experience, potential implementing knowledge projects strategies. majority -students previous experience BioTrade (85.2%) / REDD+ (79.3%), civil society (38,9%), government entities (35,2%), private sector (22.2%) academia (3.7%). beneficiary countries (Brazil: 25.9%; Colombia Ecuador: 27.8% ), countries Zimbabwe: 5.6%, Peru 11% Guatemala: 1.9%). broad backgrounds participants maximized interaction enhance South-South knowledge experience sharing. registered participants, 40 actively involved - ( sessions, participated forums mandatory knowledge assessment tests). UNCTAD local partners monitored participants' access , quizzes discussion forums. 5 section based - report prepared Kane, 2014: Report -Learning : Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects. 6 Stakeholder mapping identification participants conducted Corporació Biocomercio Sostenible (Colombia) national BioTrade Programme Ecuador - MAE/CORPEI. 6 Module 1: Introduction BioTrade summary BioTrade initiative, conceptual framework implementation strategy Objectives Weekly reminders personalized emails UNCTAD local partners inactive participants portal. emails aimed confirm participants’ interest completing identify reasons limited participation. - content - divided modules. starts introduction BioTrade Initiative REDD+ projects. presents synergies BioTrade REDD+ projects challenges creating coherence types activities. Finally, set key considerations step step methodology integrating BioTrade REDD+ projects presented. description module, including content learning objective, shown : Figure 1. Description - modules Source: Rimmer, 2013: -learning BioTrade REDD+. Presentation II BioTrade Congress Geneva. module included bilingual (English Spanish) downloadable -books, training manual, interactive lessons comprising audios recordings downloadable presentations speakers’ notes, automated quizzes, case study set key resource documents. online discussion forum trainers trainees weekly discussion topics. Portuguese version - books assessment tests produced additional contribution project order enhance dissemination material countries regions. Module 2: Introduction REDD+: Project Design, Implementation Carbon Trading summary REDD+ projects, standards, methodologies commercialization Objectives Module 3: Synergies REDD+ BioTrade presentation relationship REDD+ BioTrade synergies incorporated good project design implementation Objectives Module 4: Implementing REDD+ BioTrade projects step‐‐step guide designing implementing join REDD+ BioTrade projects Objectives http://r0.unctad.org/biotrade/congress/MeetingDocs2/EI/4_EI_REDD%2BBT_e-learning_LRimmer.pdf 7 completion module, participants undertook evaluation designed test understanding module. final evaluation included analysis case study formulating implementing REDD+ BioTrade project based concrete project scenario. Participants requested translate knowledge acquire practice, instance assess feasibility joint project, identify risk mitigation strategies baseline scenarios, assess validation options, define monitoring system. Conducting - online training sessions, English Spanish organized 20 January 3 March 2014. Additionally, Portuguese material Brazilian participants. takes account professionals working full time schedule delivered synchronous manner facilitate free access learning resources participation interactive online activities. workload estimated 5 hours week 4 week period. virtual training platforms online content developed hosted UNIMINUTO, Colombian university. prepared conducted Lawrence Rimmer Beatriz Garcia Forests Alive (Australia), experts REDD+ projects formulation development; UNCTAD' consultant, Isaura Frondizi (Brazil), specializes climate change, environmental management, sustainable finance capacity building; UNCTAD staff, Lorena Jaramillo, expert BioTrade chain development. incorporated information lessons learned national workshops held Brazil, Colombia Ecuador, work undertaken UNCTAD national consultants7, II BioTrade congress held Geneva, Switzerland. completion rate active participants 82.5% (33 -students passed -) average score quizzes 80%, higher scores modules 2 (85,3%) 3 (83,5%). -students Peru Zimbabwe successfully completed -. (Figure 2) Figure 2. completion data (% passing -students) Source: Adapted Kane, 2014: Report -Learning : Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects. 7 UNCTAD’ national consultants: Brazil: Verena de Almeida; Colombia: Angela Duque Catalina Sosa; Ecuador: Giovanni Ginatta Daniel Valenzuela. 56% 93% 78% 100% 100% 83% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Brazil Colombia Ecuador Peru Zimbabwe Total Completion rate (% active participants) 8 evaluation evaluation survey implemented assess quality, relevance, effectiveness sustainability - content. survey completed 75% active participants positive positive feedback - material shown :  96% responses result - increase knowledge opportunities challenges working BioTrade REDD+;  92% completing fully assess opportunities challenges developing BioTrade / REDD+ projects;  71% confirmed gained information knowledge success stories practices existing BioTrade REDD+ projects;  96% stated information gained, areas quoted : () project identification, formulation development; () training, () communication;  100% stated relevance topics covered considered participants' ;  92% stated organization structure allowed meet learning objectives -. Figure 3. materials resources efficiency based participants' feedback Source: Kane, 2014: Report -Learning : Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects; UNCTAD, 2014: Annual Development Account Progress Report 2013. - valuable lessons learned liaising topics training material developed, considered future editions -. instance, UNIMINUTO, project implementing partners hosting -, expressed interest conducting additional -courses ( English Spanish). lessons learned discussed section . 82% 100% 80% 100% 100% 100% 100% 12% 20% 6% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Case study Quizzes Forums Training manual Lessons -Books Additional resources Completely Partially 9 2.3 Training manual Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects Specialized training material developed -, Manual Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ projects main document. content starts providing background information participants introduction concept practice BioTrade REDD+, synergies chapters. chapter detailed description practitioners develop implement REDD+ BioTrade projects (figure 4). global step--step methodology8 identify, design implement combined REDD+ BT projects developed order practical application understanding knowledge gained linking REDD+ BioTrade. innovative nature project pioneering methodology, case studies illustrate potential linking REDD+ BioTrade included manual. Figure 4. global step--step methodology design implement combined REDD+ BT projects steps part identification phase, project area selected stakeholders mapped . , project activities designed steps 3 4. design project validated REDD+ activities generate carbon credits. completed, project implemented. project proponent start revenue stream Step 6. steps designed project proponents developers wishing implement joint BioTrade REDD+ projects assumes projects developed community level. Source: Rimmer, 2013: -learning BioTrade REDD+. Presentation II BioTrade Congress Geneva. 8 methodology developed Lawrence Rimmer Beatriz Garcia Forests Alive. http://r0.unctad.org/biotrade/congress/MeetingDocs2/EI/4_EI_REDD%2BBT_e-learning_LRimmer.pdf 10 2.4 National activities studies developed beneficiary countries (Brazil, Colombia Ecuador), reports including status REDD+ BioTrade, lessons learned practices country produced. Consultants reach key stakeholders capture raise awareness understanding REDD+ / BioTrade linkages. work implemented lessons learned disseminated II BioTrade Congress, training manual national studies. instance, work Colombia closely implemented BioTrade partners consultants. knowledge practical experience BioTrade / climate change issues, supported implementation activities:  Defining workplan jointly UNCTAD staff international consultant;  Mapping actors, challenges opportunities, adaptation strategies REDD+ BioTrade;  Planning conducting training workshop leaders decision-makers linking REDD+ BioTrade Colombia;  Contributing development training manual, Colombia’ experience;  Supporting implementation - REDD+ BioTrade Colombia. Similarly, activities implemented Ecuador :  Prepare conduct national workshops strengthen local capacity obtain -hand information experts relevant actors, possibilities link BioTrade REDD+ projects. material presentations prepared workshops aimed improve understanding REDD+ BioTrade initiatives.  Provide support convene national actors project proponents UNCTAD' - encourage participation.  Provide guidance relevant actors developing capacities integrate BioTrade strategies REDD + initiatives, vice-versa.  Systematize lessons learned project implementation.  Share Ecuador' experience II BioTrade Congress Geneva 11 13 December 2013. National reports REDD+ BioTrade studies developed captured findings work undertaken, combination desk studies, questionnaires / interviews key stakeholders working REDD+ / BioTrade feedback national workshops. Colombian report divided main sections: (1) climate change REDD+ related issues, (2) BioTrade, (3) linking REDD+ strategies BioTrade. section overview climate change REDD+, including carbon market trends, regulatory frameworks (.. National Strategy REDD+), gaps limitations Colombia, mapped key stakeholders, funding sources initiatives Colombia. section finalizes analysis strengths, opportunities REDD+ Colombia. section presents national BioTrade programme Colombia, including institutional framework, strategic lines key sectors, mapped key 11 stakeholders. finalizes identification barriers affecting development BioTrade Colombia. final section analyzes feasibility linking REDD+ strategies BioTrade Colombia based inputs received discussions national workshop. , considers topics:  participation local communities joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives;  institutional barriers development joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives;  ecological additionality economic benefits joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives;  key elements development joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives. Ecuador, project aimed address assumptions " merge BioTrade REDD+ projects complementary advantage setting double approach separate efforts reasonable strategy pursue " work started analysis background current developments BioTrade REDD+ Ecuador, lead establishing development drivers common grounds. national report compiles findings, assessing legal policy frameworks related sustainable development, climate change REDD+, biodiversity. , report describes REDD+ BioTrade evolution Ecuador maps stakeholders. main outputs recommendations national workshops included. Finally, report key recommendations, lessons learned conclusions topics:  feasibility link REDD+ BioTrade develop joint project;  capacity building stakeholders;  formulation positive incentives forest biodiversity conservation;  opportunities recommendations participate REDD+ voluntary markets;  UNCTAD training manual - REDD+ BioTrade;  lessons learned implementation project. Brazil, studies developed countries, BioTrade programme established, biodiversity-based initiatives led, inter alia, government, private companies NGOs. , country formulated / implemented REDD+ projects, key informaton guidance countries training implemented UNCTAD project. activities implemented involved steps, starting 1) mapping stakeholders participate project; 2) coaching stakeholders identifying defining activities tools link BioTrade strategies REDD+ initiatives; 3) identifying /opportunities formulating/adapting strategies selected projects Brazil; 4) supporting compilation practices lessons learned implementing project; 5) providing technical expertise organization national capacity building workshop compile findings lessons learned. studies developed, analysis REDD+ Amazon State (.. related policy frameworks programmes, mapped stakeholders institutions working REDD+) identify assess potential BioTrade chains projects implemented. report identified key REDD+ / potential BioTrade projects joint REDD+ BioTrade proposal developed, identified main challenges opportunities formulation projects. study focused assessment concrete REDD+ project “Suruí Forest Carbon Project” located Indigenous Land Sete de Setembro, Rondônia. 12 relevant late 2013, Natura Cosméticos .. – multinational company implementing BioTrade working Union Ethical BioTrade – involved project purchased carbon credits (Soares, 2014). information reports, discussions held key stakeholders national workshops II BioTrade Congress, enhanced understanding scope, opportunities challenges linking REDD+ BioTrade, developing joint projects. , studies key inputs implementation project development training material events. main conclusions, recommendations lessons learned reports presented section III. Opportunities, challenges lessons learned. complete national studies downloaded www.biotrade.org. 2.5 II BioTrade Congress "Integrating REDD+ BioTrade strategies" order disseminate experiences information generated project promote South- South cooperation, BioTrade Congress: "Integrating REDD+ BioTrade Strategies" organized Geneva, Switzerland, 11 13 December 2013. congress focused climate change issues mechanisms REDD+ combined BioTrade. developing countries, combination offers financial incentives conserve sustainably forests biodiversity, reduces carbon emissions foster -carbon economy. congress convened BioTrade Initiative UNCTAD, support BioTrade partners practitioners Africa, Asia, Europe Latin America, Oceania, experts working REDD+ climate change. platform sharing experiences, enhancing cooperation additional business livelihood opportunities captured governments, BioTrade partners practitioners. allowed encounter BioTrade REDD+ communities deep South- South exchange. Content outcome II BioTrade Congress II BioTrade Congress opened UNCTAD Secretary-General, Dr. Mukhisa Kituyi, addressed Post-2015 Development Agenda, key note speakers included . John Scanlon, Secretary General Convention International Trade Endangered Species Wild Fauna Flora (CITES), Dr. Braulio Dias, Executive Secretary CBD, . Hans-Peter Egler, Head Division Trade Promotion State Secretariat Economic Affairs (SECO). opening, expertise BioTrade partners experts, event organized sessions 40 representatives government, private sector, civil society international organizations covered topics:  Emerging issue: Climate Change BioTrade - opportunities challenges;  Policy frameworks: Biodiversity Strategic Plan Aichi Targets, Access Benefit Sharing biodiversity ecosystem services;  Market creation development ecosystem services;  chain enhancement products services derived ecosystem services;  South-South cross-industry cooperation, Importance traceability systems. 13 Box 3 description agenda topics covered; information obtained : http://r0.unctad.org/biotrade/congress/event2ndCongress.htm. Box 3. Detailed programme II BioTrade Congress Opening II BioTrade Congress - Future perspectives post 2015 development Chaired: UNCTAD session highlighted importance inclusive environmentally responsible development path order promote prosperity countries. emphasized role trade enabler importance biodiversity order achieve sustainable development. Emerging issue: Climate Change BioTrade - opportunities challenges Chaired: UNCTAD BioTrade REDD+ activities potential mutually supportive, generate income local communities revenue businesses. session discussed potential opportunities challenges developing joint BioTrade REDD+ initiatives. included update UNFCCC discussions REDD+ voluntary carbon markets, introduced methodology develop REDD+ BioTrade projects -. Session 1: Policy frameworks: Biodiversity Strategic Plan Aichi Targets Chaired: Ministry Environment Sustainable Development (Colombia) actors cooperate remain steadfast implementing Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011-2020 fulfilling Aichi Targets order urgent effective measures halt loss biodiversity. session space speakers participants shared practical experiences contributing specific Aichi Targets. Session 2: Benefit Sharing biodiversity ecosystem services Chaired: Union Ethical BioTrade session focused core principles BioTrade, fair equitable sharing benefits derived biodiversity. session looked concrete experiences implemented practitioners contexts, implications entry force Nagoya Protocol access benefit sharing. Session 3: Accessing developing markets biodiversity products services Chaired: Swiss State Secretariat Economic Affairs (SECO) session focused key elements lessons learned accessing niche markets sustainably produced products derived biodiversity. real life experiences personal care food industries, service providers forest carbon markets, industry leaders stakeholders share strategy positioning products focusing “sustainability”, “biodiversity”, “social, inclusive fair trade” concepts. views complemented megadiverse country exemplifies sustainability practices, BioTrade, enhance develop international markets. main opportunities challenges faced highlighted, capture growing market trends. Session 4: chain enhancement Chaired: PhytoTrade Africa session aimed sharing lessons learned practices developing BioTrade biodiversity-based chains Africa, Asia Latin America working flora species, interphase flora climate change. Finally, session highlighted importance credit lines funding support initiatives enhancing chains. Session 5(): South-South cross-industry cooperation - Sharing experiences practices Chaired: Ministry Environment (Peru) session presented concrete case studies promote sharing experiences knowledge multi- disciplinary sector-wide collaboration variety sectors geographic distribution. highlighted importance capacity building programmes order disseminate expand knowledge BioTrade biodiversity-based businesses. Session 5(): Importance traceability systems - Sharing experiences knowledge Chaired: CITES Management Authority (Switzerland) Chair CITES Standing Committee Working Group Snakes 14 session discussed importance traceability systems sustainable sourcing flora fauna species, legal, sustainable livelihoods rural communities. Traceability plays major role implementing CITES mandate regulate international trade listed flora fauna species order threaten existence. Traceability essential private sector, consumers increasingly concerned origins products buy. Source: Jaramillo, 2013: Concept II BioTrade Congress UNCTAD, 2015b: Report II BioTrade Congress - Biodiversity climate change: Integrating REDD+ BioTrade strategies. 100 representatives public, private civil society Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin North America, Oceania participated shared practical experience BioTrade / REDD+. , participants project beneficiaries (Brazil, Colombia Ecuador), BioTrade beneficiary countries (Mexico, Peru, Vietnam Zimbabwe), developing countries (Angola, Burundi, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mali, Morocco, Papua Guinea, Togo Vanuatu) developed countries. broader geographical coverage due organization event Geneva, allowed Geneva-based missions participate event. congress enabled greater outreach countries interested developing REDD+ BioTrade linkages. regard affiliation, government representatives 21.6% participants, private sector 22.7%, Multilateral Intergovernmental Organizations 26.8%, NGOs 19.6% academia 8%. congress, participants speakers engaged dialogue covering variety topics presented days (Box 3). key conclusions recommendations session shown annex 3. Additionally, congress report encompasses detail main issues raised, points consensuses recommendations . report submitted relevant multilateral discussions processes biodiversity, trade sustainable development, including UNCTAD, MEAs (multilateral environmental agreements), post 2015 development agenda sustainable development goals processes, . Congress evaluation quality information delivered Congress assessed survey participants, included specific questions 5 step Likert scales graded positive negative. positive feedback obtained participants survey :  78 % stated Congress platform disseminate experiences lessons learned;  72% stated Congress allowed coordinate activities organizations;  83% collaborate BioTrade partners;  80% stated Congress allowed enhance knowledge BioTrade linkages REDD+;  94% considered information work;  89% stated . 2.6 Gender participation preamble CBD recognizes “ vital role women play conservation sustainable biological diversity” affirms “ full participation women levels policymaking implementation biological diversity conservation”. 15 generation social capital pillars sustainable development respect rights actors involved BioTrade activities fundamental part BioTrade. gender perspective account relation work development biodiversity-based sectors fulfillment BioTrade Principle 6: Respect rights actors involved BioTrade activities criterion 6.1: Human rights gender issues respected. BioTrade works ensure equitable sharing benefits generated considers role gender account specific interests deciding benefits. practice, role project resulted additional benefits women. Examples increased -esteem respect communities, public engagement, opportunities women assume leadership roles access additional income, essential sustainable livelihoods. Results BioTrade projects implemented worldwide fostered recognition women role development community, providing income generating activity. implementation UNCTAD project, gender transversal issue involvement women fostered activities implemented. active involvement women promoted leading implementation decision-making processes project activities country international levels, developing capacity building tools. , women strengthened skills knowledge REDD+ BioTrade, leadership roles UNCTAD’ national international consultants. total participation women significant project activities implemented. instance, majority women trained - 56% total participants, 45 % II BioTrade Congress participants women ( figure 5). - national workshops, participation women 47% total trainees. leadership roles decision-making process undertaken national international levels, 66.6% experts consultants (national international) assisted project implementation women. Similarly, 50% II BioTrade Congress Session Chairs women, strengthening leadership role. , UNCTAD’ management team included 66,67% women. Figure 5. Total participants training activities, divided gender Source: Kane, 2014: Report -Learning : Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects; UNCTAD, 2014: Annual Development Account Progress Report 2013. 56% 44% 45% 46% 44% 56% 55% 54% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% - Workshops BioTrade Congress Total Women Men 16 gender perspective BioTrade REDD+ initiatives ensured integration wealth unique knowledge, skills experience women, vital successful initiatives related sustainable development, conservation biodiversity. III. Opportunities, challenges lessons learned pioneer project links REDD+ BioTrade initiatives, opportunities challenges development joint activities. lessons learned project implementation national international levels . 3.1 Project design proved adequate combination research, capacity building activities, coaching stakeholders raise awareness build capacity introducing concept. interest spill- initiatives rising result work beneficiary countries, clear evidence relevance. , potential joint initiatives demonstrated concrete case BioTrade Company Natura Cosméticos .. purchased REDD+ credits Suruí Forest Carbon Project. - training manual, step--step methodology develop joint REDD+ BioTrade projects considered beneficiaries. complemented documenting “real life” experiences lessons learned implementation methodology. Congress platform encounter REDD+ BioTrade communities. occur forum projects notified disseminated separate manner Conference Parties CBD UNFCCC. Congress - - real examples BioTrade / carbon sequestration initiatives work linkages conserving, managing forests/biodiversity enhancing carbon sinks. UNCTAD created BioTrade Network LinkedIn group brings participants BioTrade congresses, workshops -courses participants partners’ staff order constant interaction, discussion exchange dissemination stakeholders' activities, promote South-South collaboration. surveys assessing relevance, effectiveness sustainability activities developed project. Positive feedback received shown section . main challenge evaluation tool limited number participants duly completed . instance, national workshops Colombia Ecuador, BioTrade Congresses 50%, affect results Section II . -, figure higher 75%. implementing innovative projects, important provide sufficient time research capacity building activities starting point. Additional funding considered test findings methodologies developed (.. pilot projects). evident work implemented year project. proposed pilot activities Brazil aimed address issue, capture interest donors -fund pilot project. 17 3.2 Main project assumption: Potential link BioTrade REDD+ 3.2.1 Establishing recognizing relationship complementarity BioTrade REDD+, basis project, validated research activities, discussions experts, consultations national workshops II BioTrade Congress. initiatives provide incentives conserve forests biodiversity enhancing economic livelihood opportunities populations forested areas, capturing market opportunities biodiversity-friendly goods services forest carbon credits. inhabitants diversify increase income commercializing BioTrade products services, trading carbon credits. , project sell differentiated -carbon BioTrade products services, carbon credits generate additional social environmental benefits, footprint project reduced. cost savings combined projects, related forest biodiversity inventories management plans, including forest carbon biodiversity resource assessments; community engagement; stakeholders' consultations capacity building activities; project site management monitoring, . additional income obtained trade cost reduction increase economic standing forests ecosystem services, vis vis unsustainable practices (.. slash burn practices). enriches activities conserve forests (biodiversity carbon stocks). BioTrade complement mitigate risks REDD+ projects. , carbon credits commercialized income generated medium-long term, larger geographical coverage (.. economic feasibility project volume carbon credits) longer commitments ( forests9 exist 30 years ). BioTrade, economic benefits obtained short-term (.. sale -timber forest products extracted forest ecotourism activities), smaller geographical areas implementation costs bureaucratic hurdles. REDD+ efforts related sustainable management forests, implementing good collection practices, enhancing local, regional national sustainable markets strengthen BioTrade. international arena, REDD+ BioTrade linkages recognized relationship carbon stocks, biodiversity forest conservation sustainable . instance, CBD’ Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011-2020 Aichi Target 15 states “ 2020, ecosystem resilience contribution biodiversity carbon stocks enhanced, conservation restoration, including restoration 15 cent degraded ecosystems, contributing climate change mitigation adaptation combating desertification”10. , BioTrade REDD+ requirements fulfilled order develop joint strategies projects. , requirements relate work native species fulfillment BioTrade Principles Criteria, involvement local communities, trade added products, . requirements REDD+ projects11 shown figure 6 challenges small 9 Forest defined " minimum area land 0.05-1 hectares crown cover ( equivalent stocking level) 10-30 cent trees potential reach minimum height 2-5 meters maturity situ" UNFCCC Decision 11/COP7 Marrakesh Accords (FCCC/CP/2001/13/Add.1, 21 January 2002). 10 information Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011-2020, www.cbd.int/sp/targets. 11 REDD+ eligibility requirements : 1) Eligible project area forestland threat deforestation forest degradation project proponent . 2) Evidence threat evidence suggest 18 BioTrade stakeholders - projects. instance, BioTrade activities implemented, threat convert forest land (.. replace forests palm oil plantation) reduced, fulfilling REDD+ requirements additionality evidence threat. Similarly, implementation costs timelines needed REDD+ projects difficult covered small projects community-based projects support. Figure 6: REDD+ eligibility requirements Source: UNCTAD, 2015a: Training Manual Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects. developing joint REDD+ BioTrade strategies projects, challenges opportunities unique , linkage. opportunities related positive market trends combined BioTrade REDD+ products services, additional income resources contribute poverty alleviation forest conservation. Challenges hand, related policy frameworks, including development incentives reduce deforestation, forest degradation, develop BioTrade businesses products. building knowledge expertise REDD+ BioTrade concepts, markets project development. important consideration , developing BioTrade REDD+ initiatives, existing standards certifications schemes marketplace. Navigating varied standards challenge, entering market (.. biodiversity climate change-related standards). Identifying adequate scheme time resource consuming task project formulation implementation phases. certifications implemented, costs complexity increases. recommendation UNCTAD partners Union Ethical BioTrade, work jointly existing standards order baseline scenario (deforestation / forest degradation) place project implemented. 3) Additionality evidence emission reductions achieved project occurred business--usual scenario, absence project. 4) Leakage avoidance ensure baseline activity (.. planned / unplanned deforestation / forest degradation) increase , country, result increase forest protection project. 5) Minimum maximum timeframe maintaining forest varies depending standard implement carbon project (.. Verified Carbon Standard (VCS) requires forest maintained minimum period 30 years). (UNCTAD, 2015a: Training Manual Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects). 19 develop joint certification procedures carbon sequestration methodology approved , includes BioTrade requirements. closer links REDD+ BioTrade standards, deal biodiversity conservation livelihoods Climate, Community Biodiversity Standard BioTrade shown figure 7. Figure 7. Similarity principles BioTrade Climate Community Biodiversity Standard (CCB) REDD+ projects Source: Valenzuela, 2013: Climate Change BioTrade ‐ opportunities challenges – project consultant perspective. Presentation II BioTrade Congress. Finally, adequate timeframes considered organization level potential REDD+ BioTrade project developer, order provide space raise awareness, consultations establishment agreements. relevant community-based projects REDD+ BioTrade include long term commitments decisions based understanding rights obligations stakeholders involved. 3.3 Project implementation project executed UNCTAD collaboration BioTrade programmes, experts / government officials selected countries, relevant organizations working REDD+. , project structure BioTrade programmes (.. Colombia Ecuador) managed partnership including government (.. ministries trade environment trade promotion organization), NGOs producers associations. BioTrade programmes build existing expertise establishing network organizations implement BioTrade activities expertise. , universities research organizations, social environmental NGOs, producers SMEs associations, UN agencies (.. UNCTAD, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP), 20 International Trade Centre (ITC)), Development Bank Latin America, Organization American States, Deutsche Gesellschaft ü Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ), examples organizations working BioTrade programmes Africa, Asia Latin America. , country, consultation inclusion processes place, allowed incorporation actors working REDD+, strengthening network national international experts. Working REDD+ expert institutions (.. Forests Alive) practical experience formulation, development, implementation projects commercialization carbon credits, comprehensive scope transferred training material developed enhanced UNCTAD knowledge subject matter. Project activities implemented ensure maximum sustainability impact. BioTrade actors beneficiary countries actively involved designing implementing project activities resulted broader empowerment develop future joint work. project contributed clarify specific linkages REDD+ BioTrade order maximize positive impact joint implementation cooperation climate change BioTrade actors started. , REDD+ BioTrade communities interacting parallel processes UNFCCC CBD (.. conference Parties (COPs) subsidiaries meetings) place separate tracks. Congress workshops helped bridging communities, platform clarify concepts bring practical experiences process. innovative pioneering project, conceptualization joint REDD+ BioTrade strategy longer expected due -depth research consultations experts national international levels. Additionally, South-South platform – conceptualization BioTrade Congresses – designed, implemented tested early phase project implementation. activities addition identifying beneficiary countries implemented year project. year, training material, national workshops, - II BioTrade Congress developed. Conducting - place 2014, mentioned . , impact training activities completion project, UNCTAD BioTrade - project’ spin-offs Latin American Asia-Pacific regions. , recommended type projects, project implementation longer years. 3.4 Countries partners involved project selecting countries participate project, start countries BioTrade programme supporting forestry-related sectors advanced work developing national REDD+ strategies projects. facilitate impact continuation project outcomes. instance, Ecuador Colombia national BioTrade programmes stages development REDD+ strategies projects. Ecuador defined National Climate Change Strategy ( includes REDD+). Colombia conducted raise awareness workshops start developing strategy. levels development REDD+ resulted concrete follow- actions implemented Ecuador (formulation joint REDD+ BioTrade pilot project Ministry Environment interest developing REDD+/BioTrade project cocoa agroforestry systems SME UNOCACE). Colombia, potential develop joint projects due inclusion REDD+ BioTrade strategy BioTrade focal point (Green 21 Sustainable Business Office Ministry Environment Sustainable Development, MADS) UNIMINUTO hosting - ( English Spanish) additional cost. choice local partner essential ensuring optimal performance local activities support project. Strong links government reliable local partners (NGOs, private sector, .) enable proper follow sustainability project outcomes introducing knowledge gained strategic planning practice (.. spin- initiatives). , selection beneficiary countries based interest project, potential synergies national regional levels project built (existence BioTrade programme / partners working area) budget allocated project (.. continents regions). 3.4.1 Colombia12 Working national partners Colombia enabled broader impact activities implemented, identification key actors support public private stakeholders. Key stakeholders identified participated process project activities (workshop -courses) enabling broader impact coherence work undertaken. , interest topic linking REDD+ BioTrade enabled positive response decision-makers managers BioTrade REDD+ initiatives Colombia, including community-based organizations, public private organizations. efforts enhanced discussion learning spaces project national workshop, II BioTrade Congress -. , workshop enabled -depth discussions clarify concepts, scope integrating topics roles responsibilities national stakeholders. follow- - reinforced hoped repeated future, incorporate practical case studies exemplify impact generated linking REDD+ BioTrade. Ministry Environment Sustainable Development (MADS) leading formulation REDD+ Strategy. Strategy opportunity liaising REDD+ BioTrade concepts projects "recognizes provide -benefits indigenous Afro-Colombian populations based ecosystem services forests, mitigate risk loss forests biodiversity." (Duque Sosa, 2014). Strategy' goals relate biodiversity preliminary actions addressing direct deforestation, generating close link BioTrade opportunities joint projects. Table 2 shows actions relate BioTrade activities. Table 2. Colombian REDD+ Strategy - actions strategies linked BioTrade activities Strategies Actions Strengthening communities capacities management conservation forests • Formal training programs local communities sustainable management natural resources • Protection communities´ traditional knowledge sustainable management forests Promoting sustainable management, • Formulate internal regulations management 12 Section Colombian report prepared UNCTAD national consultants: Angela Duque Catalina Sosa, discussions personnel Corporació Biocomercio Sostenible (Colombia), Ministry Environment Sustainable Development (MADS) author' experience. 22 Strategies Actions protection restoration forest ecosystems forest, based traditional knowledge • Implementation forest management plans ensure sustainable forest resources Developing economic instruments, payments green markets environmental services promote conservation forests •Development strategies encourage sustainable natural resources : environmental certifications green labels, fair trade, strengthening chain Promoting sustainable practices development sector activities (agriculture, livestock, mining, infrastructure, oil, tourism) • Development proposals sustainable productive alternatives settlers, including agricultural technological packages optimize land natural resources • Adoption beneficial practices limit direct indirect impacts mining activities • Generation timber-yield products higher added efficient resources • Promotion technologies practices energy production reduce impact forests resources • Development programmes sustainable tourism respecting carrying capacity ecosystem regulatory conditions Source: Adapted Readiness Proposal Preparation REDD+ Colombia, Duque Sosa, 2014. challenges arise institutional regulatory frameworks territory dynamics affect formulation implementation joint projects. instance, limited coordination ministerial bodies responsible environmental, agricultural land planning policies, develop projects geographical area. Similarly, roles, competencies rights government institutions, private sector local communities involved BioTrade REDD+ clear. (Duque Sosa, 2014) REDD+ Strategy developed, NGOs private actors active formulating, early implementing REDD+ project, participating voluntary carbon market. (Duque Sosa, 2014). initiatives advancing faster national government capacity monitor provide environment development line REDD+ policies13. articulation processes crucial time relevant, lack entail future challenge formulation implementation REDD+ BioTrade projects. developing joint REDD+ BioTrade projects, specific considerations identified adequate timing link BioTrade REDD+ activities customs planning stakeholders, communities, REDD+ project timeframes. indigenous Afro- Colombian communities' lands represent 57.2%14 Colombian natural forests. Providing spaces guarantee adequate involvement strategic partners stages project conceptualization, formulation, implementation monitoring, respecting recognizing rights benefits essential. Continuous coordination interaction actors local communities, private sector, government local organizations enables identification clear roles responsibilities empowering responsibilities. 13 , CONPES 3700 proposes -month period issuance Decree fulfill National System Climate Change. process starated 2011 ongoing. (Duque Sosa, 2014). 14 estimated total 60 million hectares natural forest Colombia (Duque Sosa, 2014). 23 scale important consideration, REDD+ projects require larger areas vis--vis BioTrade activities local community based. REDD+ areas, BioTrade activities identified work initiatives developed, assess lessons learned practices, understand productive programmes promoted Government. reduce costs timeframes avoiding duplication efforts. 3.4.2 Ecuador15 Similarly Colombia, Ecuadorian stakeholders working topics, 2001 BioTrade 2009 REDD+. processes led Ministry Environment coordination national international stakeholders. REDD+, Valenzuela Ginatta (2015) state Ecuador " significant understanding Rules Modalities implementation REDD+ projects, institutional arrangements underway order promote development implementation REDD+ projects" local structure service organizations NGOS accumulated sufficient proficiency REDD+ projects provide technical support REDD+ development. Similarly, BioTrade developed network public, private, academic, financial civil society stakeholders assist development implementation BioTrade projects. REDD+ BioTrade project builds existing structures, expertise long term cooperation local partners, facilitating participation high level officials key stakeholders activities implemented. Similarly, developing joint projects, starting point evaluate BioTrade initiatives operation suited incorporate REDD+ component REDD+ requirements priority areas. Lessons learned work concluded workshops allowed -depth discussions joint REDD+ BioTrade approach, validate feasibility develop joint projects strategies. workshops approached phases. technical workshop experts actors involved development REDD+ BioTrade initiatives. dual aim obtain inputs feasibility, challenges opportunities linking issues enhancing knowledge REDD+ / BioTrade, depending participants' expertise. focused entrepreneurs government officials potential developers REDD+ BioTrade projects strategies. information concepts, highlighting opportunities, requirements steps needed formulate implement projects strategies. result, project basis actors continue -depth discussion practical implementation development joint projects strategies. general, REDD+ sensitive issue - community level - due -promise misguidance (.. unrealistic timeline economic benefits) project promoters . starting point, workshops firstly address issue perspective BioTrade, REDD+ perspective. limited integration, coordination consultation public private actors, local indigenous communities. Additionally, specific considerations put place order guarantee adequate consultation involvement communities REDD+ project area (Valenzuela Ginatta, 2015). 15 Section Ecuadorian report prepared UNCTAD national consultants: Giovanni Ginatta Daniel Valenzuela, author' experience. 24 big knowledge gap knowledgeable groups REDD+ BioTrade, potential project proponent. material developed synergies REDD+ BioTrade address limited knowledge national stakeholders REDD+ BioTrade, markets regulatory institutional frameworks. communication capacity building efforts strongly needed, motivate stakeholders involve develop projects. recommended government lead capacity building activities support NGOs private actors interested supporting participating. Ecuador, agreement liaising topics feasible contribute conservation natural resources practical economic incentives tackle poverty alleviation rural marginal communities. important note REDD+ legal framework developed Ecuador, costs timelines required difficult fulfilled small projects community-based projects. fulfill national REDD+ requirements established Ministry Environment (.. Ministerial agreements 033 103), organized (organizational structure developed operational) commercialize markets products. , selected BioTrade initiatives include REDD+. Depending type sector BioTrade project, -sustaining profitable properly designed sound bio-business plan. , case REDD+ projects, depending characteristics require time resources REDD+ proponents receive economic benefits. BioTrade bridge gap activities operate shorter time spams bureaucratic hurdles implementation costs REDD+ projects, offering results benefits sooner. 3.4.3 Brazil16 Brazil countries number REDD+ projects formulated implemented, providing source information guidance work undertaken REDD+ BioTrade project. project activities implemented Amazonas State, support national consultant. Additional guidance UNCTAD, international consultant Forests Alive. country, Amazon region greater potential eligibility develop REDD+ projects : (1) large forest coverage; (2) higher deforestation degradation rates; (3) local population dependence existing forests livelihoods. , limited technical expertise REDD+ region - public -public institutions - increase formulation implementation costs project generate bureaucratic challenges. Similarly, reason scenario develop BioTrade stakeholders conserving sustainably managing forests resources. Indigenous local communities long-standing tradition forests biodiversity, government agencies17, small farmers, universities research institutions, international cooperation agencies. Brazilian nuts, fruits pulps (.. çai berry), essential vegetable oils (.. copaiba babaç oils), fisheries (.. Arapaima gigas) sample products chains BioTrade potential. Developing joint REDD+ BioTrade projects built existing chains prioritized products. 16 Section developed based Brazilian reports prepared UNCTAD national consultant: Verena de Almeida, author' experience. 17 National plan promotion sociobiodiversity chains (Plano Nacional de Promoçã das Cadeias de Produtos da Sociobiodiversidade) identifies fosters selected biodiversity-based products. information obtained www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/177/_arquivos/cadeias_de_produtos_177.pdf 25 Lessons learned implementation project mixed. Work undertaken aimed build basis developing initiative State Amazonas led Ceclima, IDESAM, Forests Alive, CAF UNCTAD. , funding pilot project secured national personnel contributed undermine implementation real REDD+ BioTrade pilot project' timespan. reduced impact project activities national level. , implementation project, Suruí Forest Carbon Project (SFCP) opportunity identify lessons learned involvement REDD+ project working BioTrade company purchaser carbon credits. lessons learned project consultant' Forests Alive experience REDD+ important inputs capacity building activities implemented (-, training manual BioTrade Congress). , interest develop joint REDD+ BioTrade activities local government cooperation agencies participating project activities enhanced, follow- actions underway. 3.5 Capacity building activities Based national reports, workshops, BioTrade congress discussions key stakeholders, lack knowledge BioTrade / REDD+ limited coordination experts/institutions working topics. raising awareness understanding pros cons linking issues, discussion scenarios (workshops, - individual meetings) stakeholders open identify possibly capture synergies. Examples shown Colombia Ecuador, reported . year project implementation, concept organizing global BioTrade event foster sharing information, knowledge networking developed tested. proved adequate platform topics introduced BioTrade community practice. II BioTrade Congress organized enhance knowledge mobilize partners private companies forest carbon markets BioTrade activities. facilitated exchange real cases experiences covered project developed developing countries, public private actors (.. multinational companies) civil society. , presentations multinational companies integrate sustainability issues related biodiversity climate change demonstrate opportunities liaising topics order capture development market opportunities. Congress platform continue promoted UNCTAD BioTrade, order engaging supporting BioTrade community practitioners beneficiary countries countries involved. capacity building activities developed complemented broaden scope project, capture additional funding, establish alliance academia, NGOs experts deliver additional training programmes. funding, grants investments, support implementation pilot projects test methodology provide practical case studies lessons learned practices. experience lessons learned fed training material sharing platforms BioTrade Congresses. lessons learned training material tools developed implemented, listed :  Establish capacity building tools flexible adapted national circumstances country project developer . training material, step--step methodology, guidelines approach development projects specific circumstances project developers, area stakeholders. , beneficiaries 26 target group gather types experts - climate related/REDD+, BioTrade - goals. , tailored approach adopted optional "basic" module specific detailed information BioTrade / REDD+, depending expertise participant.  combination training tools, -, national workshops, BioTrade Congress mentoring national consultants allowed participants learn feasibility link topics understand challenges faced country.  BioTrade broadens, constant provide training tools (.. - yearly biennial basis, training manual -books website) actors personnel BioTrade partner organizations. -, training manual case studies illustrating facilitating understanding BioTrade, concept, methodologies practical implementation.  Close coordination local partners empowering project activities – workshops, II BioTrade Congress, - - proved adequate. empowerment enabled higher participation involvement national stakeholders activities, completion - national workshops.  Combination desk study primary information obtained meetings REDD+ BioTrade stakeholders national international levels, events (workshops, congress), allowed identification knowledge , opportunities circumstances beneficiary country. information development training manual, - national workshops.  depth participants learned depending training tools . National workshops served basically enhance understanding topics, define synergies, challenges opportunities, provide overview legal frameworks status topics national level, identify key stakeholders learn basic requirements trigger joint initiative. - detailed depth hands- information foster development REDD+ BioTrade projects, understanding requirements, methodologies implemented real experience (.. case study).  Practical experiences, including case studies, sought order include lessons learned practices training material developed project.  Timing conduct training activities, promote identify participants' closely coordinated local partners. involvement, institutional basis, enabled success work undertaken (.. Colombia Ecuador).  Planning flexibility needed address unexpected work-related activities beneficiaries, field work, compromise ability complete training activities. , broader institutional approach promotes inclusion activity part participant' workplan training activities employee provide greater support, time flexibility attend complete training. complemented longer duration training (.. -) time flexibility complete assignments. 27 IV. Conclusions recommendations Linking REDD+ BioTrade initiatives enhances trade development opportunities stakeholders involved, communities, companies governments. Services forests biodiversity, sustainably generate livelihood opportunities forestland inhabitants. Differentiated products, climate biodiversity-friendly, developed marketed niche markets premium prices (.. forest carbon markets, environmentally- friendly socially-fair markets). Developing countries gain integrating BioTrade REDD+ implementation development strategies projects. project, UNCTAD step assessing feasibility combine developing step--step methodology formulate joint projects. knowledge acquired project, including methodologies - material, replicate joint REDD+ BioTrade strategies initiatives countries regions. project trained BioTrade focal points beneficiary countries, ensures continuity activities project implementation. UNCTAD, - initiatives, BioTrade Initiative, exploring synergies ensure sustainability project continue disseminating training material website BioTrade Congresses platform. Based information obtained results achieved, UNCTAD raised awareness knowledge REDD+ linkages BioTrade, develop projects. Joint implementation REDD+ BioTrade perceived win-win combination effectively increase impact incentives conserve forests enhancing economic (capturing emerging market opportunities BioTrade forest products services, forest carbon credits). BioTrade “+” REDD complements efforts REDD+ projects relation conservation enhancement forest carbon stocks sustainable management forests. short-term, BioTrade provide stable livelihoods incentives conservation sustainable forests rural areas developing countries REDD+ activities start gaining economic benefits. REDD+ projects enhance carbon stocks conserving sustainably forests, cost- effective stabilizing emissions generating carbon neutral products services accessing carbon markets. Focus activities undertaken enabled identification basic principles REDD+ BioTrade, define potential opportunities synergies , identify address practical difficulties faced. Gender participation project considered balanced 55/45 ratio male/female representation. Feedback participants acquisition higher level understanding topics synergies enhanced. Participants' knowledge gained project enhanced cases starting professional activities spin- initiatives. implementation UNCTAD generated additional outcomes step-- step methodology practical implementation joint REDD+ BioTrade projects. methodology introduced - material response requests concerns stakeholders workshops organized. implementing partners expressed interest advancing additional activities pilot projects joint implementation, developing regional activities replicating -courses resources technical support UNCTAD. expressions interest add sustainability prospects project. 28 project brought important policy impacts beneficiary countries. , BioTrade thematic framework recipient countries changed incorporate REDD+ projects (.. strategy Green Sustainable Business Office MADS). 4.1 Demand driven market access selection beneficiary countries projects demand driven products services commercialized countries beneficiaries involved. addressing specific identified, local empowerment sustainability activities implemented guaranteed. Similarly, products services marketed contribute sustainability initiative, REDD+ / BioTrade component built. Positive market trends18 biodiversity-based products services carbon credits result consumer demand natural, environmentally-friendlier, healthier fair products. market potential, difficult general access markets component included (.. REDD+ BioTrade). , initiatives working developed markets ecotourism, native cocoa medicinal plants (.. Ilex guayusa). , guaranteeing markets constant efforts continue identify facilitate access markets current products services, future carbon credits. 4.2 Developing joint REDD+ BioTrade strategies projects project allowed -depth discussions BioTrade activities included REDD+ projects, vice versa. basic considerations project operational clear target market products services (BioTrade REDD+), fulfill REDD+ requirements BioTrade environmental, social economic sustainability criteria. project involve engage relevant community groups organized ( instance association cooperative) obtained positive results cost-benefit analysis. BioTrade initiatives operational longer time REDD+, providing framework positive scenario include REDD+ component. BioTrade stakeholders engaged working communities area, practical experience mainstreaming access benefit sharing issues BioTrade businesses chains, supporting conservation forests. Building initiatives reduce time allocated prepare consolidate joint project productive activities, reduce costs risks limited knowledge products/services, chains, sectors promoted potential REDD+ project area. case, important structure place support development type projects, instance existing BioTrade UNREDD programmes assist channel support project developers. 18 CBD Secretariat (2013) stated natural cosmetics industry worth US$ 26 billion, natural beverages industry US$ 23 billion botanical industry US$ 85 billion. Similarly, turnover SMEs multinational companies working BioTrade increased USD4,1 billion 2011, 76% annual growth 2010. 2013 Ecosystem Marketplace report State Voluntary Carbon Market states 2010-2011 period, voluntary market grew 27% reaching USD 576 million, 4% 2012. Demand forest projects combined standards emissions reduction carbon sequestration (.. Verified Carbon Standard) -benefits terms biodiversity conservation livelihood enhancement (.. Climate, Community Biodiversity standard) increased. carbon credits higher sale-ability credit (.. premium prices) voluntary markets. 29 BioTrade REDD+ initiatives combine issues, starting point fulfill requirements. Special attention sustainability issues, economic, social environmental perspective, building blocks joint REDD+ BioTrade initiative. Finally, line developments discussed adopted COPs UNFCCC CBD, relevant national international initiatives. step--step methodology, Step 1, recommendations identification project area critical path selection joint BioTrade REDD+ projects. moment phase REDD+ BioTrade activities jointly developed cautiously assessed avoid negative impacts cultural, social environmental aspects stakeholders (.. indigenous communities)19. cases, inclusion BioTrade ongoing REDD+ projects support sustainable management forests reduce deforestation, enhance involvement local actors, support development local, regional national green markets. 4.3 … project positively introduced feasibility linking climate change BioTrade issues, opportunities emerging biodiversity-friendly carbon markets. discussion efforts needed link initiatives practice develop fund real pilot experiences - document challenges, opportunities lessons learned - fed process. Brazilian Suruí Forest Carbon Project Natura Cosméticos .. partnership starting point address , initiatives sought, instance involving regions countries small medium enterprises. Accessing finance, economic incentives, investments, credit lines grants, area developed order support entrepreneurs enhance BioTrade REDD+ initiatives. , challenges opportunities emerge work continue address . Positive market trends captured enhance livelihoods, diversify differentiate products services traded, generate additional income communities conserving forests, opportunities . Existing REDD+ / BioTrade strategies allowed linkages constant enhancing awareness knowledge government officials, private actors civil society. training material documents address gap, outreach place due high personnel rotation government partner institutions. challenges related policy frameworks, generation economic financial incentives, building knowledge expertise generate service providers support development projects strategies, market access certification, funding. Efforts continue creating enabling policy environment REDD+ BioTrade initiatives. Policies actions local national levels aligned reduce deforestation forest degradation, promote public-private-civil society partnerships, develop marketing added biodiversity-based products services. Establishing positive economic/market incentives compensate economic gains generated unsustainable practices illegal logging mining 19 involvement local indigenous communities benefits obtained selling carbon credits, agreement long term commitments needed forests, important consideration REDD+ projects. Colombia instance, essential involve actors major landowners REDD+ potential standards Climate Community Biodiversity Standard (CCB) guarantee benefit sharing REDD+ projects. 30 convert forests. Valenzuela Ginatta (2015) suggest incentives easy access operation allowing efficient transparent management resources. incentives clear protocols distribution incentives benefits project participants clear participatory ruling future incentives; adequate controls accountability; build capacity communities manage resources; demonstrate environmental benefits (carbon sinks) relationship forests food safety. adequate attractive incentives place, local actors living forestland reduce eliminate unsustainable business- -usual practices (.. slash burn practices) foster conservation sustainable forest resources, instance agroforestry systems. project initiative liaise climate change BioTrade issues. Exploring climate change opportunities captured BioTrade partners remain undertaken. typologies Land , Land Change Forestry (LULUCF) projects accepted voluntary market20. Colombia, Corporació Biocomercio Sostenible, jointly partners, implementing measures avoid deforestation payment ecosystem services - involving greenhouse gas compensation schemes - mainstream biodiversity coffee sector. includes, inter alia, BioTrade related activities foster conservation sustainable practices native species, benefiting local communities enhance local production limited impact forests. project part Greenhouse Effect Emissions Programme sells certified emissions reductions major Colombian food group. 20 voluntary market accepts projects derived LULUCF activities : ) forestry, reforestation revegetation; ) agroforestry management; ) improve management croplands; ) cropland grassland conversion; ) improved forestry management; ) extended rotation, . (Valenzuela Ginatta, 2014) 31 Bibliography CBD. 2013. Statement CBD Executive Secretary, . Braulio Ferreira de Souza Dias, occasion 3rd ABS Business Dialogue, September 4, 2013, Copenhagen, Denmark. www.cbd.int/doc/speech/2013/sp-2013-09-04-abs-en.pdf CBD, 2010a. Factsheet Biodiversity Development Poverty Alleviation. Montreal www.cbd.int/iyb/doc/prints/factsheets/iyb-cbd-factsheet-poverty-en.pdf CDB. 2010b. Strategic Plan Biodiversity 2011-2020. Montreal www.cbd.int/sp/targets/ De Almeida, . 2014a. practices lessons learned BioTrade REDD+ projects - case Suruí Forest Carbon Project Brazil. Brazilian report project "Strengthening capacity policy-makers business leaders BioTrade beneficiary countries integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies". UNCTAD. De Almeida, . 2014b. Report 1. Brazilian report project "Strengthening capacity policy- makers business leaders BioTrade beneficiary countries integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies". UNCTAD. Duque . Sosa . 2013a. Informe de avance de la consultorí en el proyecto ‘Fortalecimiento de capacidades en la integració de proyectos REDD+ Biocomercio en Colombia. Bogota. Duque , Sosa . 2013b. Informe del Taller realizado en el marco del Proyecto “Fortalecer la capacidad de los responsables políticos íderes de negocios en tres países beneficiarios de Biocomercio en la integració de los proyectos REDD + en las estrategias de Biocomercio” en Colombia. Bogota. Duque, . Sosa ., 2014. Strengthening capacity integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies Colombia (UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/TED/2014/5) Jaramillo, ., 2013. Concept II BioTrade Congress. UNCTAD. Geneva. Kane, . 2014. Report -Learning : Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects. UNCTAD. Geneva. Mejia, ., 2013. Sustainable BioTrade: Strategy Contribute Aichi Targets. Presentation II BioTrade Congress Geneva, Switzerland. 11 13 December 2013. Ministério Meio Ambiente (Brazil). Plano Nacional de Promoçã das Cadeias de Produtos da Sociobiodiversidade) www.mma.gov.br/estruturas/177/_arquivos/cadeias_de_produtos_177.pdf Peters-Standley, ., Gonzalez, ., Yin, . 2013. Covering Ground - State Forest Carbon Market 2013. Forest Trends’ Ecosystem Marketplace. Washington .. Rimmer, . 2013. -learning BioTrade REDD+. Presentation II BioTrade Congress Geneva, Switzerland. 11 December 2013. Rimmer, , Garcia, . 2012. Seeking synergies project opportunities combining biotrade forest carbon projects - Concept note. Forests Alive. Soares, . 2013. Challenges lessons learned Suruí Forest Carbon Project, Brazilian Amazon Presentation II BioTrade Congress Geneva, Switzerland, 11 13 December 2013. UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: www.biotrade.org UNCTAD BioTrade Congresses: http://r0.unctad.org/biotrade/congress/event2ndCongress.htm UNCTAD, 2015a. Training Manual Developing Joint BioTrade REDD+ Projects. United Nations. York Geneva. (UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/TED/2015/1) UNCTAD, 2015b. Report II BioTrade Congress - Biodiversity climate change: Integrating REDD+ BioTrade strategies. United Nations. York Geneva. (UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/TED/2014/6) UNCTAD, 2014. Annual Development Account Progress Report 2013. http://r0.unctad.org/biotrade/congress/MeetingDocs2/EI/4_EI_REDD%2BBT_e-learning_LRimmer.pdf 32 UNCTAD, 2014. Development Account Final Report 2014. UNCTAD, 2012. BioTrade Impact Assessment System, United Nations. York Geneva. UNCTAD. (UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2010/9). UNCTAD, 2009. Guidelines Methodology Support Chains BioTrade Products: Selection Products Development Sector Strategies, United Nations. York Geneva. (UNCTAD/DITC/BCC/2008/1). UNCTAD, 2007. UNCTAD BioTrade Initiative: BioTrade Principles Criteria, United Nations. York Geneva. (UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2007/4). UNFCCC Decision 11/COP7 Marrakesh Accords (FCCC/CP/2001/13/Add.1, 21 January 2002). UNREDD Programme: www.-redd.org Valenzuela, . 2013. Climate Change BioTrade ‐ opportunities challenges – project consultant perspective. Presentation II BioTrade Congress Geneva, Switzerland, 11 13 December, 2013. Valenzuela, . Ginatta, ., 2015. Report Consultancy Project Strengthening Capacity Integrating REDD+ Projects BioTrade Strategies Ecuador. UNCTAD. York Geneva. (UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/TED/2015/2). Valenzuela . Ginatta, ., 2014. Proceedings Expert workshop (November 12th, 2013). Yeomans, Michelle, 2013. Brazilian cosmetic giant meets CSR goals indigenous credits. William Reed Business Media SAS. http://www.cosmeticsdesign./Business-Financial/Brazilian-cosmetics- giant-meets-CSR-goals---indigenous-credits http://www.-redd.org/AboutREDD/tabid/102614/Default.aspx 33 Annexes Annex 1. Guiding questions national workshops Colombia Ecuador Colombia Theme 1: Participation local communities REDD+ initiatives BioTrade  link knowledge local communities REDD+ strategies BioTrade  elements considered involvement local communities development REDD+ initiatives BioTrade  key training areas aimed local communities seizing REDD+ strategies BioTrade Theme 2: Barriers development joint initiatives REDD+ BioTrade  barriers identified articulation REDD+ initiatives BioTrade  aspects needed boost national REDD+ Strategy Colombia  issues Colombian environmental institutions promote accompany REDD+ initiatives Theme 3: Ecological economic additional joint initiatives REDD+ BioTrade  strategy visualize benefits impacts joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives  kind actions promoted REDD+ BioTrade initiatives contribute development welfare communities  scale implementation REDD + initiatives BioTrade guarantees limits financial environmental sustainability joint initiatives Item 4: Key elements articulate REDD+ projects BioTrade  address principle sustainability development BioTrade initiatives REDD + strategies  BioTrade sectors key development REDD+ initiatives  phase formulation / implementation REDD+ projects key linking actions related BioTrade Source: Duque, . Sosa ., 2014. Strengthening capacity integrating REDD+ projects BioTrade strategies Colombia (UNCTAD/WEB/DITC/TED/2014/5) 34 Ecuador General questions 1. development REDD+ initiatives, ¿ key actors identify 2. stage development REDD + initiatives, BioTrade actions 3. barriers identified articulation REDD + initiatives BioTrade Economic environmental additionality 4. considered participation private investment funds implementation REDD+ BioTrade initiatives 5. strategy visualize benefits impacts link REDD+ BioTrade initiatives 6. scale implementation REDD + BioTrade initiatives, guarantees limits financial environmental sustainability Institutional Framework 7. aspects boost national REDD+ program Ecuador 8. set existing compensation schemes regulatory framework favorable development REDD+ projects 9. regulatory framework access genetic resources crucial development REDD + BioTrade initiatives 10. regulatory elements limit development REDD+ BioTrade initiatives 11. role NGOs private sector REDD + initiatives 12. areas capacity building training aimed local communities reinforce involvement REDD+ BioTrade strategies Community participation 13. knowledge local communities linked articulation REDD+ BioTrade strategies 14. REDD + BioTrade initiatives contribute formulation internal regulations forest management 15. barriers exist communities adoption implementation REDD + BioTrade initiatives Source: Valenzuela Ginatta, 2014: Proceedings Expert workshop (November 12th, 2013). 35 Annex II: Sample participant’ survey 1. tick sector work. Central/national government -governmental organization (NGOs) State/provincial government Private sector Local government/authorities Academia International/regional organization (): 2. Gender Male Female 3. learn II BioTrade Congress Direct invitation UNCTAD Biodiversity UNCTAD website Climate BioTrade website Twitter CBD CITES websites ( ): Partners websites 4. extent agree proposed statements Completely 5 4 3 Partially 2 1 applicable Usefulness Relevance II BioTrade Congress allowed enhance knowledge BioTrade linkages BioTrade REDD+ themes sessions relevant latest developments BioTrade actors information presented event information gained Congress relevant work information gained Congress documents presentations participants Partnerships collaboration participated Congress coordinate activities organizations Congress understanding BioTrade Initiative work result Congress collaborate BioTrade Initiative partners II BioTrade Congress platform learn experiences, share 36 experiences establish contacts support implementation BioTrade, CSR environmentally friendly practices Organization organization structure sessions allowed sharing experience themes addressed 5. Comments / suggestions improving future editions BioTrade Congress ( participated BioTrade Congress, kindly enhanced ): 37 Annex 3. Key conclusions recommendations session II BioTrade Congress Session moderator speaker Key conclusions recommendations Welcoming remarks Post- 2015 Development Agenda Moderator . Bonapas Onguglo, Division International Trade Goods Services, Commodities (DITC), UNCTAD Speakers Welcoming Remarks: . Mukhisa Kituyi, Secretary- General, UNCTAD Keynote Speakers: . John . Scanlon, Secretary- General, CITES . Hans-Peter Egler, Head Division Trade Promotion, SECO . Braulio Dias, Executive Secretary, CBD  significance contribution biodiversity ecosystems services key inputs wide variety goods services, including climate change mitigation poverty eradication rural areas.  efforts creating synergies climate change mechanisms REDD+ BioTrade provide unique unprecedented opportunity generate convergence climate change mitigation biodiversity conservation goals.  Developing REDD+ BioTrade projects pragmatic approach technical efforts climate change biodiversity communities. Practical experiences regard encouraged supported.  Sustainable sourcing CITES-listed species strengthen BioTrade relevant sectors fashion design, textiles, cosmetics medicinal plants support livelihoods part chain. continuation expansion CITES-UNCTAD work traceability python species possibly animal plant species provide platform safer sourcing increase cooperation private sector fulfilment CITES convention.  Sustainable trade, biodiversity conservation climate mitigation key concerns addressed coherently formulation Post- 2015 Development Agenda development Sustainable Development Goals. Emerging issue: Climate change BioTrade - opportunities challenges Moderator Ms. Lorena Jaramillo Castro, UNCTAD Speakers Ms. Thais Linhares-Juvental, UNREDD Programme . Lawrence Rimmer, Forests Alive Ms. Isaura Frondizi, UNCTAD consultant (Brazil) . Daniel Valenzuela, UNCTAD consultant (Ecuador) potential link REDD+ BioTrade, positive incentives conserve sustainably existing forests. Finding synergies REDD+ BioTrade implies coordinated effort ensure:  enabling policy environment;  Private sector investment carbon sequestration BioTrade products services;  Local communities participate management carbon stocks, sustainable -added activities benefit sharing. REDD+ benefits immediately visible entail medium long-term endeavour. case BioTrade, bringing products market receiving payment direct, tangible . , BioTrade motivate investors stakeholders start activities longer term aim implementing REDD+. Linking REDD+ BioTrade activities area climate change biodiversity communities. challenges integration related forest conservation, land ownership management issues, complex methodologies legal frameworks. standards methodologies REDD+ biodiversity-based products services confuse companies project developers. , bringing concepts assessed explained order overwhelm potential practitioners. pragmatic exercise REDD+ BioTrade concepts essential. implies capacity building, awareness raising field testing exercises specific stakeholders ecosystems. UNCTAD -learning REDD+ BioTrade (www.biotrade.org/eLearnREDDplus.htm) seeks provide platform understanding basics REDD+ BioTrade. guidelines methodology offer starting point formulate develop joint REDD+ BioTrade initiatives identify opportunities challenges integrating incentives ensuring effective implementation. 38 Session 1: Policy frameworks: Biodiversity Strategic Plan Aichi Targets Moderator: . Jose Manuel íaz Hoyos, Ministry Environment Sustainable Development (Colombia) Speakers: . Robert Lamb, UNEP . Rik Kutsch-Lojenga, UEBT Ms. Vanessa Ingar, Ministry Environment (Peru) Ms. Diana Mejí, Corporació Biocomercio Sostenible (Colombia) Ms. Haruko Okusu, CITES Secretariat  improve regulatory coherence coordinated implementation trade environmental policies formalization tools processes BioTrade promotion. type action support Aichi targets 3, 4 7.  Regional national strategic planning, product priority setting, demarcation conservation zones capacity building tools proven effective facilitated successful cases Andean countries.  development national regulatory institutional capacity biodiversity, including incentive measures BioTrade supporting governments implement Aichi Targets empower communities, support targets 3, 4, 7, 14 16.  introduction tools support regulated commercial trade CITES- listed species exploratory work chain enhancement, traceability responsible private engagement, open business opportunities sourcing models contribute Aichi targets 12, 14 19.  creation strengthening links REDD+ BioTrade introducing BioTrade principles criteria design REDD+ projects exploring sustainable -timber forest activities generate positive impacts Aichi targets 14 15. effective forest landscape management tools understanding land planning regulations provide platform deeper convergence.  Policies actions achieve Aichi Targets sustained, supported articulated multi-stakeholder platform, livelihoods depends BioTrade activities.  Aichi Targets framework planning, implementing measuring impact BioTrade activities projects, BioTrade Impact Assessment System (BTIAS). Session 2: Benefit sharing biodiversity ecosystem services Moderator Ms. Marí Julia Oliva, UEBT Speakers . David Vivas Eugui, UNCTAD Ms. Beatriz ómez-Castro, CBD Secretariat . Juan Fernando Botero, Ecoflora Cares Ms. Maria Helena Cendales, General Secretariat Andean Community Ms. Katie Beckett, PhytoTrade Africa . Lawrence Rimmer, Forests Alive Discussions highlighted wealth experiences opportunities fair equitable benefit sharing BioTrade context. Participants highlighted importance continuing work topics, order address remaining uncertainties, support capacity building involve stakeholders. advance fair equitable sharing benefits cases access genetic resources utilization, participants stressed :  Importance clear practical rules ABS, SMEs;  define scope ABS requirements;  Key understand costs benefits ABS regulatory implementation approaches;  ABS learning process, ABS laws regulations include processes regularizing activities;  stakeholders involved ABS policy discussions;  ABS rules applicable BioTrade activities, involve research development. advance fair equitable sharing benefits generally, key issues highlighted included:  Importance capacity building, local level;  Creating platforms dialogue fundamental – coming define benefit, fair sharing place;  Critical role community-based organizations support associations;  Benefit sharing requires profitable sustainable businesses. Session 3: Accessing developing markets biodiversity products services Moderator . Hans-Peter Egler, SECO Accessing developing markets biodiversity products services complex complicated issue heart developing profitable, long-term commercial businesses products sustainably ensuring increased economic - sourcing communities. recommendations emphasized: 39 Speakers Ms. Rosie Akester, Body Shop Ms. Nyarai Kurebgaseka, Speciality Foods Africa . Lawrence Rimmer, Forests Alive Ms. Vanessa Ingar Elliott, Ministry Environment, Peru  successful supplier/buyer relationship developed based mutual respect transparency, partner giving receiving .  products, carbon credit project product biodiversity, time bring market. explore options accelerating partnership (.. research development, addressing market access barriers). seek supplier/buyer partnerships product innovations addition, knowledge experience actors .  products costly launch. SMEs research options funding advice government, private sector NGOs ground bring products market readiness.  BioTrade entrepreneurs product ensure fulfils buyers’ requirements.  Product promotion, products, developed final customer level. good story product – face cream “community biodiversity” element carbon credit – positive effect commercial success.  Government rules regulations, biodiversity-based products, changing regular basis. due ABS health security issues , domestic international regulations monitored regularly avoid costly mistakes.  Benefit sharing agreements supplier associations cement commercial relationships. Investment local communities buyer ensure long- term stable commercial relationships increased security supply chains. Session 4: chain enhancement Moderator Ms. Katie Beckett, PhytoTrade Africa Speakers Ms. Rosie Akester, Body Shop . Ta Minh Son, BioTrade Programme (HELVETAS Vietnam) Ms. Aaban Butt, International Trade Centre (ITC) . Christoph Inauen, Chocolats Halba . Filippo Nishino, Gucci . René Gomez-Garcí Palao, Development Bank Latin America (CAF)  order access customers, producer groups organized. level organization structure processes enables access larger diverse customer base. Organizational capacity applies certification process reach producers met minimum level organization required. implementing REDD+ projects existing chains, ensure capacity building funding .  move producer groups chain higher secure returns. , clear discussions cases objective producing groups. Based observation concluded stakeholders work closely defining targeted point chain actors collectively agree . , approach grassroots , demand driven.  Industry partners suppliers alike agreed relationships chain based long-term commercial agreements, strong linkages transparency. Gucci gave specific recommendation based model, industry partner integrated chain, product lifecycle.  consumer market chain, recommended work increase understanding certification impact . clear strategies adopted companies. , Body Shop labels products certified, Chocolats Halba labels major marketing tool. degree market driven certification, impact consumer demand Session 5a: South-South cross- industry cooperation - sharing experiences practices Moderator Ms. Vanessa Ingar, Ministry Environment (Peru)  Sustainability approaches BioTrade, implemented industries countries, schemes individual companies regional associations.  Strengthening chains critical achieving BioTrade principles sustainable development framework, commitment involved party driver successful arrangements.  REDD+ project implementation transparency integration 40 Speakers . Itai Ichibaya, PhytoTrade Africa . Pedro Soares, Institute Conservation Sustainable Development Amazonas (IDESAM) . Anthony Parak, University Papua Guinea . Claude Fromageot, Yves Rocher Group Yves Rocher Foundation . David Vivas, UNCTAD community’ traditional resource management, social hierarchy decision- making frameworks, government support. issues, REDD+ pilot projects feasible conserve Amazon forests.  Instruments capacity building empowerment stakeholders BioTrade initiatives flexible, demand-driven, easily transferable, cost. Session 5b: Importance traceability systems - sharing experiences knowledge Moderator . Mathias örtscher, CITES Management Authority/Federal Veterinary Office (Switzerland) Speakers . Tom de Meulenaer, CITES Secretariat Ms. Rossella Ravagli, Gucci . Filippo Nishino, Gucci . Luca Boltri, Italian Tanners' Association (UNIC) . Bonapas Onguglo, UNCTAD Ms. Vanessa Ingar, Ministry Environment (Peru)  Private sector consumers informed origins products sell buy. Industries brands moving socially environmentally compatible practices order fulfil consumers’ wishes.  , traceability major issue relates trade endangered wildlife products. assertion trade commodity, instance wildlife products, : sustainable; legal; socially compatible (.. contribution livelihood animal welfare).  developing suitable traceability system, important involve stakeholders chain.  Making system work requires dedicated funding trade chain. important agree define issues pays , funding distributed. examples discussed Congress shown enhanced traceability lead sustainable trade benefits livelihood local people. commodities “paper traceability” work developed CITES-listed species demonstrated proactive approach undertaken. Source: UNCTAD, 2015b: Report II BioTrade Congress - Biodiversity climate change: Integrating REDD+ BioTrade strategies (UNCTAD/DITC/TED/2014/6).